Rights, duties & policy
Read rights together with their qualifications and remedies.
A civic reference with all 25 retained Parts and all 12 Schedules. Article ranges retain constitutional numbering and may contain omitted provisions. Part VII was omitted. Legal provisions should be read in the official text and relevant judgments.
Explore this topic in the interactive atlas →Equality
Equality before law and safeguards against discrimination.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗- Articles 14–18 address equality, public employment, untouchability and titles.
Articles 14–18
Freedom
Freedoms and protections concerning liberty, conviction, arrest and detention.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗- Articles 19–22 include speech, movement and personal liberty protections, with constitutional qualifications.
Articles 19–22
Right to education
Free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗- Article 21A operates in the manner determined by law.
Article 21A
Protection against exploitation
Prohibitions relating to trafficking, forced labour and specified child employment.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗Articles 23–24
Freedom of religion
Freedom of conscience and religious practice, subject to constitutional conditions.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗Articles 25–28
Cultural and educational rights
Protection of language and culture and minority educational institutions.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗Articles 29–30
Constitutional remedies
The Supreme Court can enforce Fundamental Rights through constitutional remedies.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗- High Courts also exercise writ jurisdiction under Article 226.
Articles 32 and 226
Directive Principles
Guidance for public policy and governance in Part IV.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗- These principles are not enforceable by courts in the same manner as Fundamental Rights.
Articles 36–51
Fundamental Duties
Eleven duties of citizens set out in Article 51A.
Legislative Department · Constitution of India ↗- They include respecting constitutional institutions, protecting the environment and developing scientific temper.
Article 51A
Sources and scope ▼
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